Enti provinciali Responds
Claudio Groff : contact person and coordinator of services for the activities of monitoring, information to the community, staff training, administration of compensation, emergency management and liaison with the States and Regions.
semi-structured interview face to face
on 27/11/2008
Q: Are you in favor or opposed to the recovery of brown bears in Trentino? Why?
R: I'm all in favor. For many years that I deal with the question, when I was a kid and now as a hobby to work. In the late '80s, early '90s, I was part of a small pioneering group that wrote the first draft on the bears. To this I have always believed they are very passionate about mountains, mountain environment in which the bear is the symbol and so I think any of us care about the fate of the environment has not possa prescindere dall’orso, così come dall’aquila o dalla stella alpina, ma anche da tutte le altre specie. L’orso ha però qualcosa in più. Quando si parla di orso non si parla solo di fattori biologici, ma anche emotivi, culturali, sociali e storici. È una forma di vita che dà molti spunti ed opportunità di riflessione. Detto questo, per spiegare perché è importante il ripopolamento dell’orso starei comunque al dato di base: cercare di contrastare il trend generale esistente che è quello della perdita delle specie, della perdita di biodiversità, dell’impoverimento dell’ambiente.
D: Secondo Lei è più forte l’immagine dell’orso “cattivo” che si mangia le pecore o quella dell’orso “vittima” ucciso in Germania e Svizzera?
R :È difficile dire quale sia l’immagine rimasta più impressa nella mente delle persone, soprattutto perché sono state entrambe evidenziate, sottolineate dai media. Posso dire che quella dell’orso cattivo che fa dei danni, dell’orso che può anche essere pericoloso, è condivisa da più persone che non quella dell’orso vittima. Però ci sono persone che sentono entrambe le cose: ci sono persone che conoscono poco l’orso, che non c’hanno a che fare e dicono “eh! però è pericoloso, eh! però fa danni, eh! But it would be better off without, "and then when they shoot him" eh! poor bear would have been better to put him in a cage. " Two seem to have mixed feelings but I think you can try both.
Q: How many bears and where are they?
R: The last figure we have is that at the end of 2007 (soon will be available as of 2008) which tells us that we have 23 animals and we are not many more, no more than 25. This is the official figure. They are all in the western Trentino but one that is on the Asiago plateau, in a one or two in Lombardy and Alto Adige.
Q: In today believe that the bear recovery plan has failed?
R: I think so, is a successful project. There are also the most authoritative opinions of my supporting it, namely that of National and International Scientific Community. About the bear is an international network of conferences worldwide, and through these we can understand the current situation and what others think of our project. So far, it is considered a successful project. Compared to other experiences we can compare our project to the French Pyrenees and Austrian. The latter had a negative result probably due to poaching, while the French have had a result even better if the social conflict in France is very strong, especially with the farmers, who are politically very active. In addition, as the operators themselves admit the French have activated, compared to us, fewer channels of information, preparation before taking the bears. If we look at our territory, and at least sixteen litters born in the last thirty years is a good thing. But remember that the feasibility study said that it will take twenty to forty years to see if the project works and I understand, the more it goes on, that the study is right. In only six years have passed and it is too early to say how it will end. The most uncertain variable is that the social component: is also possible that we realize that people do not want the bears to a level that will not be able to take even a few, to be removed. There is this possibility.
Q: How much thought has affected the tourist attraction, that is having the bear in the woods free from Trentino, in the decision to repopulate the area?
R: Very little, and I can tell from a privileged position because, as I told before, in the early '90s was among the people as part of the Adamello Brenta at the beginning and then also in the province, which gathered and brought forward the idea of \u200b\u200bthe project, an idea was born thanks ad un professore tedesco, Schroeder, il quale stendendo il Piano Faunistico del Parco Adamello Brenta per la prima volta scrisse: “L’orso si sta estinguendo, o lo lasciamo estinguersi o ne portiamo degli altri”. La sua era una motivazione biologica, essendo egli biologo di formazione. A questo punto la reazione è stata positiva rispetto al ripopolamento, sia da parte del Presidente sia da parte del Direttore del Parco Adamello Brenta, sia da parte dalla Provincia. Quindi in principio si è detto sì perché si è sempre creduto che l’orso è un valore delle nostre montagne. Successivamente, quando si è arrivati alla delibera nel Mercato di Gestione del Parco, immagino che i rappresentanti dei Comuni abbiamo pensato even the appearance of a tourist attraction. That is weighed in the policy decision, which would in my opinion is shared, so that in 2003 became Doxa survey to see if the tourists are in favor of the presence of bears, an investigation which has had a positive response. Then the representatives of the municipalities actually have been right to think about it.
Responds David Dalpiaz : PhD in Animal Biology, a scientist at Natural Sciences Museum of Trento and is in charge of monitoring the bears control the damage caused by the bear, the implementation of its compensation practices and communication with the community and with schools.
semi-structured interview carried out face to face on 20/11/2008.
Q: Are you in favor or opposed to the reintegration of brown bears in Trentino? Why?
R: I support the reintegration of the brown because I think there are several aspects that make this interesting project: first, from a regulatory point of view, Trentino has faced an obvious choice because he was called upon to respond to the directives of the European Union to protect the species. In addition, the brown bear is an animal native, that is, Trentino has always found his presence. Currently, there are areas of the Trentino, such as the Valley of the Lakes or the Monte Bondone, where the bear was no longer visible for some time, so the locals are still somewhat 'reluctant to re- dell’orso sul territorio. Invece in altre zone, vedi la zona del Brenta, dove gli abitanti ne hanno una “memoria più fresca” si è abbastanza favorevoli alla sua presenza. Sono altresì favorevole perché ogni perdita di biodiversità va assolutamente evitata per le generazioni future. I pareri contrari alla reintroduzione derivano dalla convinzione del fatto che l’orso sia pericoloso, ma la sua pericolosità è virtuale: l’animale se è gestito nella maniera giusta non è pericoloso, si può dimostrare aggressivo solo quando sta difendendo una preda o i suoi cuccioli. Comunque il Trentino ha ottenuto una grande visibilità grazie a questo progetto, il quale è conosciuto in tutto il mondo.
Q: Do you think public opinion is stronger than the image of the bear "victim" is killed in Germany and Switzerland and the Bear "bad" eating sheep?
R: Both images have raised the public. In fact, when JJ1 was killed in Bavaria has risen a debate, but also a debate on when the bear comes back to kill the sheep. It is important to understand that the bear is a wild species worthy of respect as any other, is not a toy, nor a cruel predator as shown by certain films. Therefore we must not "love" of the single specimen, such as Jurka, but instead find a happy coexistence between man and animal: see the bear, but from afar. The real problem is therefore the approach of the bear man, while damage to other animals such as bees or sheep can be protected through the use of electrified fences, for humans it is a bit 'more complicated.
D: He knows exactly how many and where are the bears right now?
R: In the early years of the project were released in the Adamello-Brenta 10 bears from Slovenia, which However, one female died the same year . These "founders" has developed a population genetic methods constantly monitored and currently has about 25 pieces. Some people, young males, have left the province. At the moment, JJ5 is in Lombardy and is thought to be attributable to him some damage, a couple are in Alto Adige, two in Switzerland and one on the Asiago plateau. The rest are all in the western Trentino, especially on the Brenta, Paganella, Monte Gazza, in Val di Ledro Valley and Lakes .
Q: Given the events in the past (ill-treatment, killings ..), you find that the project is Ursus Life is successful or not?
R: Doxa opinion poll In the survey of 1997 residents were interviewed of all the provinces affected by the project Life Ursus, but not residents of large cities such as the city of Trento, because considered far from reality "bear". In subsequent investigation carried out in 2003 were, however, only those respondents Trentini, including those residing in large urban centers. From the two surveys shows a high percentage of consensus, in fact there was a percentage of favorable approximately 75% of respondents. Further investigation to see how the situation is evolving in terms of acceptance, is expected this year.
In terms of economic damage is limited. It is detected a small increase this year, but figures are still low when compared with other expenditures of the Administration. There be noted, however, that the money used to repair the damage caused by the bear or prevent are available to the industry environment, and then, if not were used for compensation, would still be employed in sectors relevant to this sector.
Q: How long believed to have influence in the decision to re-population of bears in Trentino, a tourist attraction that the tourist may have on the presence of bears in the woods free and not as a cage at the zoo?
R: E' sicuramente uno dei fattori che sono stati presi in considerazione per consolidare l'opinione positiva rispetto alla opportunità di reintrodurre degli esemplari. Il Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo (ora d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise), i Comuni inclusi nel territorio del quale hanno redditi pro capite tra i più alti d'Italia, è emblematico in tal senso, visto che da decenni ha altissimi numeri di visitatori (ad oggi quasi due milioni all'anno) attirati tra il resto, dalla presenza species of animals "prestigious" as the bear Marsicano first and foremost, but also the wolf. Let us note however that the main factor that led the decision was required to react to standards and national laws and international (especially EU directives) in practice imposed or called for this very solution in the presence of a population was going to disappear.
Responds Mauro Baggia : Team capture operator and emergency bear damage detection dogs and training to bear.
semi-structured interview made by telephone on 25/11/2008
Q: Are you in favor or opposed to the recovery of brown bears in the Alps? Why? R: I support. Revitalize the program of the brown bear is especially important because the extinction of the species grazed was caused by man and is therefore a duty to save it within its natural environment, in this case, the Alps.
The only critical point is that I see what he sees as an actor of the population.
also are in favor because the presence of large carnivores on the ground is sign of a high quality environment.
Q: Do you think the image of the bear is stronger than "bad" you eat the sheep, or bear the "victim" killed in Germany and Switzerland? R: We must make a distinction: in Val di Non the bear has always been there, there is a continuity of his presence and gives therefore assumed that the bear there. But in other areas such as the Val di Ledro Valley Giudicarie low and there is a low tolerance with respect to his presence, especially by farmers. I also believe that in addition to these two cases there are individuals le quali, stando o da una parte o dall’altra, esagerano l’immagine dell’orso. Mi accorgo però che questo accadeva soprattutto nei primi tempi; ora credo che la popolazione abbia un’immagine dell’orso più vicina alla realtà e questo grazie alle serate di informazione sul comportamento e le abitudini dell’orso tenute nelle varie località trentine.
D: Quanti sono gli orsi e dove sono? R :Si stima siano tra i 25 e i 30. Ricordo che siamo già alla terza generazione, e quando fino alla prima gli orsi si conoscevano per nome, ora questo non è più possibile. Abbiamo invece un quadro della situazione attraverso l’analisi genetica.
Le zone nelle quali sono presenti sono la zona della Catena del Brenta, la zona della Val di Sole, la Val Rendena, le Sarche, Molveno, i monti Paganella e Gazza. Due o tre orsi sono sulle Maddalene e uno è nella zona degli altipiani.
D: Ad oggi pensa che il progetto di ripopolamento dell’orso sia riuscito? R : Per valutarne la riuscita bisogna aspettare dai 18 ai 40 anni dall’ultimo orso rinsanguato, ed oggi ne sono trascorsi quasi 10. Non è ancora tempo di tirare le somme. L’obiettivo è quello di avere una popolazione di orsi sulle Alpi orientali che entri poi in contatto con la popolazione dei Balcani. È un progetto ambizioso, però finora la riproduzione è attiva, c’è un buon tasso di natalità. Ciò fa pensare alla riuscita del progetto, ma è ancora tutto in forse, potrebbe andare a finire come in Austria dove ad un certo punto ci si è resi conto che erano rimasti solo pochissimi orsi e che i più non erano sopravvissuti. Comunque, se gli orsi non diventano problematici e se le femminine si riproducono a questo ritmo direi che il progetto riuscirà. È vero che mancano all’appello alcuni maschi ed alcune femmine adulti, ma ciò non dovrebbe compromettere la riuscita del progetto.
D: Quanto pensa abbia influito l’attrattiva turistica, ossia l’avere l’orso libero nei boschi trentini e non in gabbia come allo zoo, nella decision to repopulate the area? R: I do not know if he has brought attractive, but I would say that places like Andalo and Molveno, places of summer tourism, have not been changed in the number of tourists who choose these places as a tourist destination. What is certain is that the bear has become a symbol and tourists are happy with his presence.
