Here is a brief summary of why and chronological steps that led to the reintroduction of brown bears in Trentino and the ensuing controversy.
We have tried to present the situation in a simple, although in reality the path is quite complex. For more detailed information we suggest you a punctual explanation of the phases at the site http://www.pnab.it/natura_e_territorio/orso/cronistoria.html
The reintroduction of ' Ursus Arctos Alps Central and Eastern Europe is attributable to the project Life Ursus with which proposed the transfer of some specimens brown bears from Slovenia to the Brenta.
The initiative is made necessary by the real possibility of extinction for this sample over the Alps, that would be a serious detriment to the protection and enhancement of biodiversity. The Ursus Arctos is presumed to be an umbrella species, its presence is, in other words, crucial for the survival of many other useful species in the food chain.
The reasons for the steady decrease in the presence of these animals are attributable to at least three factors are often interrelated:
-The strong man-made and the consequent urbanization of the Alps
-logging
-poaching practices strongly disseminated by the second half of the seventeenth century have drastically reduced the number.
- 1992: The EEC decided to intervene with the 'issue of Habitats Directive (n. 43 of 1992) on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.
In the same year, Professor Schroeder, who supervised the construction of a Plan for Wildlife Park Adamello Brenta, begins to discuss a project which sees the protected area as a place of release of specimens of Ursus Arctos.
- 1996: The Park Adamello Brenta requests and gets access to European funds Life Nature relevant to the implementation of the proposed reintroduction of brown bears in the Natural Park Adamello Brenta. Another utility company is located in the Autonomous Province of Trento (see section funds and compensation ) whose financial contribution is of decisive importance.
The economic intervention of what they call the Trentino province mother, divided public opinion. The case becomes a political tool used repeatedly during the election campaign to denounce the alleged waste of public money center-left administration.
Trentino is considered a territory ideal for the reintroduction of brown bears for several reasons:
-historical presence in the territory of the animal.
-regulatory system of the animal protection and management of indennzzi existing since 70 years of 900 (Provincial Law of 10 August 1978 No 31)-
possibility of using the fundamental scientific coordination of the Adamello-Brenta.
is promoted in the same year a feasibility study coordinated by the National Institute for Wildlife to establish clearly any areas of reintegration of the animal and the real possibilities of survival.
- 1997 : the Habitats Directive is transposed and implemented in Italy in 2002 with a significant delay.
begins a complex task of gathering information and opinions among the population. It commissioned a study in this regard the company Doxa polling which will cover all provinces in which the animal is in contact, but excluding from the sample to residents of large urban centers. The publication of the results show that about 70% of the sample is essentially supports the presence of bears.
- 1998: It is concluded that the feasibility study is approved by the National Institute for Wildlife.
- 1999: the Adamello-Brenta is in possession of all permits necessary to begin the reintroduction of the animal. Overall group will be placed on the Brenta nine bears from Slovenia, with a synergistic and collaborative work between the Park and the Forest Service of the Republic of Slovenia. For the first 40 days of the issue, the animals are monitored 24 hours 24 through radio collar, then you will go to a gradual reduction of the monitoring controls at dawn and dusk.
- 2001: The EU grants additional funding for the project Life Ursus.
- 2003 : Viene commissionata un'ulteriore indagine demoscopica alla Doxa per comprendere se, con la reintroduzione dell'animale, l'opinione dei trentini dal 1993 sia cambiata. Il dato, che questa volta includeva anche l'opinione dei residenti a Trento, mostra come ancora una volta sia presente un elevato numero di consensi (con una percentuale sostanzialmente vicina al 70% del campione, dati consultabili al sito http://www.orso.provincia.tn.it/ , alla sezione comunicazione)
- 2004 : Si conclude il progetto Life Ursus e cominca una seconda fase di activity is still ongoing, aimed at monitoring the progressive increase in population and the population of bears.
- 2005: The resonance of the project among the international scientific community is becoming stronger. Riva del Garda, in fact, becomes the first Italian city to host four-day conference of ' the International Bear Association.
- 2006: During the month of August in Bavaria, Jurka JJ1 son of the bear is killed on the orders of the Bavarian federal authorities because it considered dangerous. This evento provoca un "incidente diplomatico" tra Italia e Germania.
L'uccisione di JJ1 assume un forte eco tra l'opinione pubblica, sorgono manifestazioni ambientaliste tra Berlino, Monaco e Trento.
JJ1, soprannominato "Bruno" diventa un simbolo, tanto che Tana Libera Tutti (Centro Sociale con sede a Trento) cambia il suo nome e diventa Centro Sociale Bruno, simbolo di chi ha osato scavalcare i confini per la libertà.
A livello istituzionale questo evento porta alla necessità di capire più dettagliatamente come si intenda portare avanti il progetto e quali parter siano disposti ad ufficializzare il loro appoggio. Una riflessione in questo senso sembra necessaria dato che l'animale is naturally inclined to travel along the Alps and this is in itself the goal of the project. If the event were ricapitare what will happen?
- 2007: The bear Jurka accusasta have caused much damage to crops, herds and dwellings, is put in captivity and sent in the grounds of the Monastery of San Romedio (Prov.Tn). Once again, as occurred following the killing of JJ1, the case raises the reactions for and against public opinion. The bear became a well known character among the people and which all the local newspapers.
It is clear, even after the latter case, the importance of implementing practical work synergistically and formalized in terms istuzionale. To meet this need comes an action plan to safeguard inter dell'Ursus Arctos involving Western Central Plateau and the Alps:
Autonomous Province of Trento, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Regione Veneto, Regione Lombardia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
's intervention required by the document called PACOBACE covers many areas:
-training of qualified and competent communication to the population-
-system damage prevention
-management compensation
- 2008: In the period before the provincial election of November 9, the question of financing the project of rehabilitation dell'Ursus Arctos hear once again among the hot topics of the campaign.
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