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Return of natural species or reintroduction?

One of the questions related to the issue of reintroduction of endangered species in the territory is that of the two possible solutions: a return to natural or reintroduction of the species. According scientists involved in the recovery of the brown bear in Trentino, the possibility that you had a natural return of the species were almost non-existent.

David Dalpiaz Tridentine Museum of Natural History argues that: "As for reintroductions / spontaneous recolonization of these latter are of course always preferable, since it is more accepted by the public and does not entail costs. This is why the region of Friuli, there china ursi Slovenian population and regularly affected by "trespassing" does not provide for the time introductions specimens moved. The spontaneous colonization, however, is a slow process, can pass from one to several tens of years to come when the first pioneers to young males than females when they arrive and even then there may be reproductions. The western Trentino then, is almost sealed "from the Val d'Adige, anthropogenic barriers that only rarely crosses the bear. The idea that the remaining population could save awaiting the arrival of bears from the east was therefore completely impossible. What's even more specimens that Slovenia's move in Friuli will be lower than a decade ago, because they were allowed a lot more killing in the north of Slovenia. "

the same opinion is Philip Zibordi the Adamello Brenta: "We opted for a re-entry: the local population of bears had to be considered biologically extinct."

The choice of re-entry but not always carries good results, as reported by two scholars, Joern Fischer and David Lindenmayer , in an article published in the journal Biological Conservation in 2000 entitled "An Assessment of the Published Results of Animal Relocation." They have a number of cases re-entry, the authors show how restorations over time can not always give satisfactory results. In fact, about 100 examples of re-entry, only 26% had positive results, 27% fall gone and the remaining 47% had uncertain results.

Tourism and Environment

Map Issuecrawler sites, through which we analyzed The most important websites related to the project Life Ursus, placed at the center as a site more "linked" http://www.trentino.to/ , a site that deals with travel and accommodation in Trentino. In short, a tourist site. It follows then that the proposed rehabilitation of the brown bear has something to do with the tourist aspect, in this case the environment of the web, as we have documented in other parts of the blog with video and advertising. It is then the case of trying to understand how sociology confronts the concept of tourism and what type of tourism can bring with it the choice of a reintroduction of endangered species like the brown bear. To get started, tourism in contemporary society is especially a means of knowledge, that are most important to major means of mass communication. Tourism is therefore a way to learn, judge and do just what you find. Here, therefore, that the phenomenon is no longer just a value play, but also the discovery of tangible and intangible things that are part of local culture. Clearly, because it creates an exchange relationship, there must be a willingness of comparison between the two parties, ie between those who benefits from the discovery site and proponents as their cultural heritage. While the brown bear is part of the cultural background of a population, its replacement can be seen as an element of recovery and rediscovery of the local culture . In fact, the awareness local communities of their natural environment, understood as a set of elements linked to their cultural tradition, has in recent years led to a revaluation of all that for a long time did not seem to affect the tourists and, therefore, not even part of the population Local tourism-related economic activity. Thus, in recent years, it comes to tourism alternative definition by which it is hoped that tourism will evolve in terms of quality to a more critical consumer of the product vacation, a tourist who becomes aware of the limits of available resources. Often in places where the phenomenon of tourism has had a significant influence on the lives of local culture of that went over time forgetting. It has lost sight of that set of traditions and customs characteristic of everyday life. The way of life has changed, adapting to the needs of the tourism phenomenon in progress, needs that often led to the construction of infrastructure oblivious respect scenic and historic site. The so-called alternative tourism refers, on the contrary, for a tourist development that pays attention to human and natural landscape in which it is immersed.

Who decides? Community legislation, national and local

Berne Convention of 1979 or the Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats in Europe. The aims of the Convention are the conservation of flora and fauna and their habitats spontaneous and to promote cooperation between States; monitor endangered species and vulnerable to provide assistance on legal and scientific issues.

Article 1 of the Berne Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats in Europe (Signed September 19, 1979) 1. The purpose of this Convention is to ensure the conservation of flora and fauna and their habitats, including species and habitats whose conservation requires the cooperation of several States, and to promote such cooperation. 2. Particular attention is paid to the species, including migratory birds, endangered and vulnerable.

European Directive : Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC of the Council of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. In particular, the Directive requires Member States to: monitor the conservation status of brown bear (art. 11), promote research, exchange of information to ensure effective coordination of research carried out in the European Community (Article 18, paragraph 1); encourage cross-border cooperation in the field of research (Article 18, paragraph 2). Based on this directive was set the Natura 2000 , a set Sites that provide habitat and species of Community interest. The project Natura 2000 network and Berne Convention for the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats in Europe operate in parallel.

national laws: in Italy the Habitats Directive has been transposed by the DPR 357/97 (the Regulation implementing Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora). Article 4 of the DPR says the bodies in charge of regulatory and administrative functions related to the implementation of the Habitats Directive are the regions and autonomous provinces. By September 3, 2002 DM the Ministry of the Environment has also issued the "Guidelines for the management of Natura 2000 " . The guidelines leave ample room for maneuver to regional and provincial administrations responsible for implementing specific measures for the sites of the Natura 2000, provided that they comply with the general aims of the Habitats Directive and addresses provided by the document.

Provincial Law : the Autonomous Province of Trento has issued the LP 10/04, which, among other things, identifies measures to adapt legislation to the provincial under national and EU level, with particular reference to the protection of the Natura 2000 network. In paragraph 5 of Article 9 of the LP states that if the areas identified as habitat fall within national parks, conservation measures should be "taken and secured" by the parks themselves "within the instruments planning and programming provided from the LP 18/88 " (" the law establishing the parks). Since the re-entry has been activated within the habitat area of \u200b\u200bthe Adamello Brenta and the latter being wholly within the boundaries of the Autonomous Province of Trento, with regard to the proposed reintroduction of the species Brown Bear (Ursus Life ) be based on the information contained in the Plan of the Park and Wildlife Plan, drawn up annually.

inter-regional Action Plan (PACOBACE) : At this point, since the project aims to a restocking Life Ursus della specie Orso bruno su tutta la Regione Alpina Centro-Orientale, “risulta evidente la necessità di assicurare l’armonizzazione delle politiche di conservazione dell’Orso bruno su scala alpina e quindi il coordinamento degli Enti locali competenti”. Per assolvere a questo compito è stato approvato in data 5 novembre 2008, il Piano d’Azione Interregionale per la Conservazione dell’Orso bruno nelle Alpi Centro-Orientali (PACOBACE) previa attuazione del Protocollo d’intesa tra il Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, l’Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica , la Regione Lombardia , the Veneto Region, the Autonomous Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, the Autonomous Province of Trento, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano.

Article 2 and 4 of the approval of the Action Plan for Inter Conservation of brown bears in Central and Eastern Alps (PACOBACE)

Article 2 of the Plan view of the adherence to the Guidelines for the management of large carnivores mentioned in the introduction, it is the reference document for International Agreements with EU countries and extra-and cross-border agreements.

Article 4 The Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea, regions and autonomous provinces take care of the implementation of the Plan.

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